不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板是不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼寬幅(fu)型鋼的一種，由于其形(xing)狀如同頂上用瓦片鋪成的行列隆起(qi)部(bu)分，故稱為91香蕉視頻app:不銹鋼瓦(wa)楞形板，如圖5-37所示(shi)。

 人們過去常見的(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)楞（形）板(ban)(ban)”大都是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)普通低碳鋼，也就是(shi)非合金(jin)鋼材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制成的(de)(de)(de)（見圖5-38),還有(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)非金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)如石(shi)棉、塑料(liao)、紙板(ban)(ban)等(deng)制成的(de)(de)(de)瓦(wa)楞形板(ban)(ban)。這些瓦(wa)楞形板(ban)(ban)主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)建(jian)筑領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)屋頂材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、外(wai)墻(qiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)各種包裝箱體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)形材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)產品包裝箱、盒等(deng)，之(zhi)所以(yi)做成瓦(wa)楞形狀，主(zhu)要目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)增(zeng)加結構剛度和(he)穩(wen)定性。因此，其尺(chi)寸(cun)精度和(he)表面質量要求及材(cai)(cai)質要求都不是(shi)很高。

 此處(chu)介紹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”有(you)著(zhu)本(ben)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，首先材(cai)料是不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)，無(wu)疑要(yao)比(bi)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”具(ju)(ju)有(you)更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度、良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐腐蝕(shi)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)和極好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝飾效(xiao)果(guo)，另(ling)外在結構上(shang)(shang)也大(da)不(bu)相同。這些都賦予了不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)僅具(ju)(ju)有(you)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)作(zuo)用(yong)，而(er)且(qie)具(ju)(ju)有(you)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”沒有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，即不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)可以作(zuo)為傳熱元件(jian)使(shi)用(yong)。作(zuo)為傳熱元件(jian)，對(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)各方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)就比(bi)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)（形(xing)(xing)）板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”高得多，特(te)別是對(dui)(dui)瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)表觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。對(dui)(dui)瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)表觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)主要(yao)體(ti)現在對(dui)(dui)外形(xing)(xing)尺寸(cun)和表面質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)上(shang)(shang)。因此，采用(yong)何種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式、何種(zhong)(zhong)工藝(yi)加工生產不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞(leng)(leng)(leng)形(xing)(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)就成為保證其(qi)(qi)外形(xing)(xing)尺寸(cun)和質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。其(qi)(qi)他性能(neng)(neng)(neng)（機械性能(neng)(neng)(neng)、耐腐蝕(shi)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)和焊接性能(neng)(neng)(neng)）主要(yao)取決于所選用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料。

1. 不銹(xiu)鋼瓦楞形板外形尺寸

 從圖5-37和(he)(he)圖5-39可以看出不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)外(wai)表形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀是(shi)有規(gui)律(lv)、周期性變化的(de)，而且(qie)彎曲(qu)深(shen)度(du)較小(xiao)(xiao)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀單一，不(bu)僅有橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)，而且(qie)還有縱(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)。所(suo)以說，其形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀既簡(jian)單又復(fu)雜，簡(jian)單是(shi)指形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀單一，有規(gui)律(lv)；復(fu)雜是(shi)指不(bu)僅有橫(heng)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)，而且(qie)還有縱(zong)向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)。這就給(gei)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)板(ban)的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)帶來(lai)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)難度(du)，在成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝上必(bi)須(xu)采取相應的(de)工(gong)藝措施和(he)(he)手段(duan)，方(fang)能保證獲得要求的(de)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)尺寸和(he)(he)成(cheng)型(xing)質量(liang)。

 圖(tu)5-39是不(bu)銹鋼瓦(wa)楞(leng)形板的實物照片(pian)，從(cong)圖(tu)片(pian)可以看出(chu)，不(bu)銹鋼瓦(wa)楞(leng)形板的外表和形狀是非常(chang)美觀、漂亮(liang)的，具有較高(gao)的觀賞性，如同工藝品(pin)、裝飾(shi)品(pin)。

 圖(tu)5-39不銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)板A-A截(jie)面(mian)尺寸，見(jian)圖(tu)5-40,B-B截(jie)面(mian)尺寸，見(jian)圖(tu)5-41。

 不(bu)銹鋼瓦(wa)楞形(xing)板成品實物斷面圖(tu)片(pian)，見圖(tu)5-40(b)和圖(tu)5-41(b)。

 從圖(tu)5-40和圖(tu)5-41可以(yi)看出(chu)，不銹鋼(gang)(gang)瓦楞形(xing)板的斷面(mian)變(bian)化的規律是周(zhou)期性(xing)的，斷面(mian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)是關于縱向(xiang)中心線(xian)為對稱的型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)，彎(wan)曲深度較淺，深度僅(jin)有7mm。

 不銹鋼瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板外形(xing)尺(chi)寸精(jing)度：截面最(zui)(zui)大(da)邊(bian)長誤差≤0.3mm;圓角(jiao)最(zui)(zui)大(da)直(zhi)徑：≤2.0mm;縱向、橫向彎曲度：每米≤1mm; 扭轉：每米≤1°。

2. 瓦楞形板(ban)橫向(xiang)波紋的成型

 不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)瓦楞形(xing)(xing)板輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)時，首先將不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)冷(leng)軋(ya)平板預彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)鐓(dui)壓成(cheng)(cheng)弧形(xing)(xing)波紋，如圖5-42所(suo)示的第一架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)孔形(xing)(xing)的形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。輥(gun)(gun)(gun)形(xing)(xing)的形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)為(wei)，向下彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)的弧形(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)Φ=265mm,向上(shang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)的弧形(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)Φ=164mm,帶(dai)鋼(gang)進入并(bing)通過如此輥(gun)(gun)(gun)型(xing)是毫不(bu)(bu)困難(nan)的，一個波長（周期）為(wei)83.40mm,弧深度(du)（垂直位移）為(wei)4.12mm,這(zhe)個成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)無論是在變形(xing)(xing)寬(kuan)度(du)上(shang)，還是變形(xing)(xing)深度(du)上(shang)都是可(ke)行(xing)的和(he)符合(he)要求的。一個波長（周期）橫(heng)向位移（減寬(kuan)量）為(wei)0.60mm,相對(dui)減寬(kuan)率（橫(heng)向位移）為(wei)0.71%,見圖5-42,如此的位移（減寬(kuan)量）不(bu)(bu)會對(dui)鐓(dui)壓成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)造成(cheng)(cheng)困難(nan)和(he)產生成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)缺陷，這(zhe)些都為(wei)第二架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)再(zai)鐓(dui)壓創造了條(tiao)件。

 第(di)二(er)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)在(zai)(zai)第(di)一架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)基(ji)礎上(shang)，再次鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使其(qi)達(da)到如(ru)圖5-42所(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)形(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)，弧(hu)度直(zhi)徑分別為Φ=133mm和(he)p=82mm,一個波(bo)長(chang)（周期）為81.70mm、弧(hu)深度為8.18mm,這就是說(shuo)寬(kuan)度和(he)深度更接(jie)近于成(cheng)(cheng)品形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)，而(er)相對(dui)減寬(kuan)量（水平位移(yi)）僅為1.42mm,相對(dui)減寬(kuan)率(lv)（水平方向(xiang)(xiang)）為1.7%,要(yao)比第(di)一道次大了許(xu)多，這是符合開始(shi)小(xiao)一些(xie)、中間(jian)大一些(xie)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型規律要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)，見(jian)第(di)三架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)在(zai)(zai)第(di)二(er)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)基(ji)礎上(shang)，再鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使其(qi)達(da)到如(ru)圖5-42所(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)形(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)，這時將已(yi)經成(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)瓦楞形(xing)(xing)鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)梯(ti)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)瓦楞形(xing)(xing)，而(er)一個波(bo)長(chang)（周期）為80mm,相對(dui)減寬(kuan)量（水平位移(yi)）僅為2.28mm,一個波(bo)長(chang)（周期）相對(dui)減寬(kuan)率(lv)（水平方向(xiang)(xiang)）為2.79%.通過鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)使弧(hu)深由8.18mm減小(xiao)為7.00mm,這樣(yang)可使梯(ti)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)型更加精確到位，為最后沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型達(da)到成(cheng)(cheng)品形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)及尺寸奠定良好的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎，此(ci)時，橫向(xiang)(xiang)鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型已(yi)全部完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)，隨(sui)后將采用(yong)沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型輥(gun)在(zai)(zai)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)型橫向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)紋上(shang)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)最終成(cheng)(cheng)型。

 圖(tu)5-42是各架次成型(xing)輥(gun)輥(gun)形尺寸圖(tu)。

 第(di)三(san)(san)架(jia)成(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)輥(gun)(gun)形圖(tu)和孔形圖(tu)，見圖(tu)5-43.第(di)三(san)(san)架(jia)成(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)應(ying)是由多片(pian)輥(gun)(gun)片(pian)疊加組合(he)而(er)(er)成(cheng)的(de)組合(he)輥(gun)(gun)，輥(gun)(gun)片(pian)的(de)水平段(duan)和圓(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)段(duan)采(cai)取與(yu)板(ban)材接(jie)觸的(de)方(fang)式，而(er)(er)傾斜(xie)(xie)段(duan)則采(cai)取與(yu)板(ban)材不(bu)接(jie)觸的(de)方(fang)式，為的(de)是減少成(cheng)型(xing)表面(mian)的(de)擦劃傷，此(ci)外，如(ru)此(ci)結構也將便于成(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)加工和隨后的(de)使(shi)用(yong)與(yu)維護等。上、下(xia)輥(gun)(gun)斜(xie)(xie)角采(cai)取圓(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)過(guo)渡(du)，一般情況下(xia)，圓(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)的(de)直(zhi)徑應(ying)大于板(ban)厚，所(suo)以(yi)圖(tu)5-43所(suo)示的(de)第(di)三(san)(san)架(jia)上、下(xia)輥(gun)(gun)斜(xie)(xie)角的(de)圓(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)過(guo)渡(du)直(zhi)徑為2.0mm,見圖(tu)5-43局部放大圖(tu)。

3. 縱(zong)向波紋(wen)的(de)成型(xing)

 縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)成型(xing)是在(zai)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)成型(xing)之后的(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)成型(xing)的(de)。所以在(zai)已(yi)成型(xing)的(de)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)再(zai)成型(xing)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是有難(nan)度的(de)。其難(nan)度主要表現為(wei)，可(ke)能破壞(huai)已(yi)成型(xing)的(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，而且(qie)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也成型(xing)不好。選用何種方式(shi)成型(xing)就成為(wei)縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)成型(xing)的(de)關鍵。

 沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)一對成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)上(shang)(shang)，按工藝和(he)(he)(he)產品的(de)要(yao)求，在(zai)(zai)要(yao)面上(shang)(shang)間隙分布著(zhu)凸起(qi)和(he)(he)(he)凹陷的(de)部(bu)分，用(yong)于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瓦(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)的(de)縱(zong)向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，同時又不能損壞(huai)已成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)橫向(xiang)梯形(xing)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，縱(zong)向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)尺(chi)寸圖(tu)及實物圖(tu)片，見圖(tu)5-40和(he)(he)(he)圖(tu)5-41。之所以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)置于(yu)橫向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)后、平整輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)前，是(shi)為(wei)了(le)保(bao)(bao)證瓦(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)程的(de)穩定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質量(liang)。可以(yi)(yi)想象，在(zai)(zai)沒有橫向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)平板(ban)(ban)帶材上(shang)(shang)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凸起(qi)和(he)(he)(he)凹陷型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材，由于(yu)自(zi)由度大(da)沒有約束(shu)力(li)，沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)坯(pi)料局(ju)部(bu)收縮(suo)，產生(sheng)皺折(zhe)及其(qi)他缺陷，影響成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)品的(de)尺(chi)寸。另外，瓦(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼截面受(shou)材料內部(bu)殘余應力(li)作用(yong)，很容易產生(sheng)扭轉(zhuan)，這也會(hui)影響成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)程的(de)穩定(ding)性。但在(zai)(zai)瓦(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)橫向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)后、平整輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)前，再用(yong)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)縱(zong)向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，此時，已成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)橫向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)使瓦(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)的(de)剛(gang)度增大(da)，同時又受(shou)到成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)和(he)(he)(he)平整輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)約束(shu)，其(qi)自(zi)由度就(jiu)(jiu)減小(xiao)。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)這些(xie)都可以(yi)(yi)有效地防止局(ju)部(bu)收縮(suo)和(he)(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼的(de)扭轉(zhuan)，從(cong)而對保(bao)(bao)證瓦(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及質量(liang)起(qi)到有效的(de)保(bao)(bao)障作用(yong)。瓦(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)橫向(xiang)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)的(de)示意(yi)圖(tu)，見圖(tu)5-44。

 沖(chong)壓成型輥也應(ying)做成組合式輥子，即由多輥片(pian)疊加組合而成。這種形式的輥子便于(yu)加工和維護，調整使用方便。