三(san)(san)輥穿孔的橫斷面變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)程是由圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)到(dao)圓三(san)(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)再到(dao)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的過(guo)程。這種(zhong)三(san)(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)特征(zheng),使毛管(guan)(guan)尾部(bu)易出現三(san)(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。通常(chang),鋼管(guan)(guan)外徑與壁厚之(zhi)比(bi)D/S大于9時,會出現尾三(san)(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),D/S值愈(yu)大,尾三(san)(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也愈(yu)大。尾三(san)(san)角的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng),限制了在(zai)三(san)(san)輥穿孔機上穿制薄壁管(guan)(guan),這是其(qi)缺點之(zhi)一。
三輥(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機軋輥(gun)形成了(le)(le)(le)(le)一個近(jin)似封(feng)閉的(de)(de)孔(kong)型,不需要(yao)像在二輥(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機上為保(bao)持管坯在中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)上和限制(zhi)金(jin)屬的(de)(de)橫向流動,必須裝設(she)導(dao)(dao)板(ban)或(huo)導(dao)(dao)盤(pan)(pan)。因此采用三輥(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機穿(chuan)孔(kong)就(jiu)消除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)現有二輥(gun)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機存(cun)在的(de)(de)缺點。不僅消除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)不利導(dao)(dao)板(ban)或(huo)導(dao)(dao)盤(pan)(pan)所造成的(de)(de)金(jin)屬應力狀態,也(ye)消除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)過(guo)大能量消耗(hao)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)板(ban)和導(dao)(dao)盤(pan)(pan),消除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)管坯與(yu)它(ta)們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)摩擦。降低了(le)(le)(le)(le)設(she)備能量消耗(hao),同時也(ye)消除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)導(dao)(dao)板(ban)、導(dao)(dao)盤(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)工具(ju)成本,提高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)經濟性(xing)。