海洋(yang)石油、天然氣開發的鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)可分為(wei)固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩(liang)類。固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又分為(wei)導管(guan)架(jia)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)混凝土重力(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)于淺海區域。移(yi)動式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)自升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、半潛式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)力(li)腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)船等。自升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也適(shi)用(yong)于淺海區域，半潛式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、張(zhang)力(li)腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)適(shi)用(yong)于深(shen)海，可在3000m深(shen)海進行鉆(zhan)探(tan)。海洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)使用(yong)的鋼材有(you)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)用(yong)的石油鉆(zhan)桿、防(fang)止油井(jing)(jing)坍塌的套管(guan)和(he)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)液(ye)鋼管(guan)等，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)本體使用(yong)的是高強度(du)鋼板。圖8-23是典型的海洋(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在海洋(yang)不同(tong)水深(shen)中的示意圖，表(biao)8-11是各類海洋(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)用(yong)鋼量。

  我國在“十二五(wu)”期(qi)間，已(yi)(yi)具備1500m水(shui)(shui)深(shen)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)能力；“十三五(wu)”期(qi)間，已(yi)(yi)具備3000m水(shui)(shui)深(shen)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)能力。未來(lai)深(shen)水(shui)(shui)油氣(qi)勘探開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)將成為(wei)重點發(fa)(fa)(fa)展方向。而海底管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)是海上(shang)油氣(qi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)系統的(de)主(zhu)要組成部(bu)分，主(zhu)要包括油氣(qi)集輸(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)和油氣(qi)外輸(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)，一般采用無(wu)縫(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、高頻直縫(feng)焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、直縫(feng)埋弧焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。表8-12是海洋(yang)油氣(qi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)使用鋼（管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)）材情(qing)況。

   目(mu)前，國內(nei)海洋(yang)(yang)鉆井平(ping)(ping)臺結(jie)構用管已經形成了(le)系列(lie)，能(neng)夠為(wei)海洋(yang)(yang)工程提供(gong)高品質的結(jie)構用管如鋼級(ji)為(wei)X80Q、X100Q樁柱用半弦(xian)管和(he)支撐管。表(biao)8-13是海洋(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)臺結(jie)構用鋼的主要鋼級(ji)。