1. 環氧乙(yi)烷和乙(yi)二醇裝置工(gong)藝簡介
環氧乙烷，別名氧化乙烯、惡烷、一氧三環，英文名 Ethylene Oxide，簡稱EO，分子式為C2H4O2，相對分子質量為44.05。
乙二醇即一乙二醇，俗稱甘醇，英文名 Ethylene Glycol，分子式為C2H5O2，相對分子質量為62.07。
幾乎70％以上的環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷用于生(sheng)產乙(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)，因(yin)而環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷的生(sheng)產通常與乙(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)的生(sheng)產建設在一個工(gong)廠(chang)。目前(qian)世(shi)界上環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷／乙(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)生(sheng)產都(dou)采用乙(yi)(yi)烯氧(yang)(yang)氣直(zhi)接氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)技(ji)術生(sheng)產環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷，環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷加壓(ya)直(zhi)接水(shui)合法生(sheng)產乙(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)。擁有(you)該(gai)兩項技(ji)術的專利商(shang)(shang)主要有(you)SD公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、Shell公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、道化(hua)(hua)學公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，這三家專利商(shang)(shang)的工(gong)藝技(ji)術與工(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)程基本(ben)相同。流(liu)(liu)程基本(ben)都(dou)由(you)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷反應(ying)、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷回收(shou)、二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳脫除、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)(yi)烷精(jing)制、乙(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)水(shui)合反應(ying)、多效蒸發及干燥、乙(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)醇(chun)精(jing)制等主要工(gong)序(xu)組成。
SD工(gong)(gong)藝流程主(zhu)要(yao)由環氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)反(fan)應(ying)和(he)(he)洗滌系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、二氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)脫(tuo)除系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、環氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)解吸和(he)(he)再吸收系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、環氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)精制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、乙(yi)二醇反(fan)應(ying)和(he)(he)蒸(zheng)發系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、乙(yi)二醇脫(tuo)水和(he)(he)精制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、多乙(yi)二醇分離(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)7個單(dan)元(yuan)組(zu)成。Shell工(gong)(gong)藝流程主(zhu)要(yao)由環氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)反(fan)應(ying)工(gong)(gong)序、二氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)脫(tuo)除及(ji)環氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)回(hui)收工(gong)(gong)序、輕組(zu)分脫(tuo)除及(ji)環氧(yang)(yang)乙(yi)烷(wan)(wan)精制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)序、乙(yi)二醇反(fan)應(ying)及(ji)回(hui)收工(gong)(gong)序、乙(yi)二醇精制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)序5個單(dan)元(yuan)組(zu)成。
EO極易燃燒，其閃點為(wei)-17.8℃，泄漏時產生的靜電荷也會(hui)(hui)導致EO燃燒。當(dang)空氣(qi)EO氣(qi)濃度(du)超過(guo)2.6％mol時就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)形成爆炸性的混(hun)合物(wu)，當(dang)濃度(du)達(da)到100％時，EO氣(qi)會(hui)(hui)由燃燒轉變為(wei)分解。所以EO裝置內不設(she)火(huo)炬總管，安(an)全閥都是直(zhi)排大氣(qi)。
2. 某環氧乙烷和乙二醇裝置布(bu)置典型(xing)實例（圖5-115）
