管(guan)殼式換(huan)熱器又稱列(lie)管(guan)式換(huan)熱器。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以封閉在(zai)殼體中(zhong)管(guan)束的(de)壁面作為傳熱面的(de)間壁式換(huan)熱器。這(zhe)種換(huan)熱器結構較(jiao)簡單，操作可靠(kao)，可用(yong)各(ge)種結構材料(liao)(liao)（主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬材料(liao)(liao)）制造，能在(zai)高溫、高壓下使用(yong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)目前應用(yong)最廣(guang)的(de)類(lei)型。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)由殼體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)、折(zhe)流(liu)(liu)(liu)板(ban)（擋板(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部件組成。殼體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)多為(wei)(wei)圓筒形，內(nei)部裝有管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩端固定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)上，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)又與(yu)外(wai)殼連接在(zai)一(yi)起。進行換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)的(de)冷、熱(re)兩種流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，一(yi)種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，稱為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)；另一(yi)種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，稱為(wei)(wei)殼程流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)傳熱(re)膜系數(shu)，通常在(zai)殼體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)安(an)裝若干擋板(ban)。擋板(ban)可提(ti)高(gao)殼程流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)速度(du)，迫使流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)按規定路程多次橫向通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增強流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)湍流(liu)(liu)(liu)程度(du)。圖7.2（a）為(wei)(wei)最簡單(dan)的(de)單(dan)殼程單(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)按結構特點分為(wei)(wei)固定管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、浮頭式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、填函式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、雙重(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)和雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)等，前3種應用比較(jiao)普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)由許(xu)(xu)多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子組成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)構(gou)成(cheng)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)面(mian)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)增加(jia)流體(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外空(kong)間的(de)流速(su)，以(yi)提高(gao)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)膜系數(shu)，改善換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)情況(kuang)，在(zai)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)間隔安裝了(le)許(xu)(xu)多折(zhe)流擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)。換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)（對(dui)于偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，則在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)）開(kai)有(you)(you)流體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)進出(chu)(chu)口，有(you)(you)時還在(zai)其上(shang)裝設檢查孔(kong)，為(wei)(wei)安置儀表(biao)用的(de)接口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排液孔(kong)和排氣孔(kong)等。在(zai)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)中，一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流體(ti)(ti)(ti)從一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)前(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流進管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子里，經另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流出(chu)(chu)（對(dui)奇數(shu)單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)），或繞過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)，流回進口側(ce)(ce)前(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)流出(chu)(chu)（對(dui)偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)），流體(ti)(ti)(ti)每通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)流體(ti)(ti)(ti)從筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)的(de)連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進出(chu)(chu)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，流經管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)外，每通過殼(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。圖(tu)7.2（c）所示為(wei)(wei)二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、單殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)1-2型換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)（此處1表(biao)示殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)，2表(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)）。同(tong)樣(yang)，在(zai)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)加(jia)縱(zong)向擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)也能得到多殼(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結構(gou)，見圖(tu)7.2（b）。

  按(an)GB151的(de)規定，管殼式換熱器(qi)主要部(bu)件如圖7.3所(suo)示。