空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)器(qi)（簡稱空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)）是以(yi)環境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)作為(wei)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)高溫(wen)工(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)體(ti)的換熱(re)(re)器(qi)，也(ye)稱空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)內的熱(re)(re)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)通過管(guan)壁(bi)和(he)翅片與(yu)管(guan)外空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進行(xing)換熱(re)(re)，所用(yong)的空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通常由通風(feng)機供給(gei)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)器(qi)可用(yong)于冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)或(huo)冷(leng)凝，廣泛應用(yong)于：煉(lian)油(you)、石油(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)塔(ta)頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)的冷(leng)凝；回流(liu)(liu)油(you)、塔(ta)底油(you)的冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)；各種反應生成物的冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)；循環氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)和(he)電(dian)站(zhan)汽輪機排氣(qi)(qi)的冷(leng)凝。工(gong)(gong)作壓力(li)可達69MPa。但耗電(dian)量、噪聲和(he)占地面積均大，冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)效(xiao)果受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)影響較大。空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)標準主(zhu)要有API 661《煉(lian)油(you)廠用(yong)通用(yong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)(que)(que)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、ISO 13706《石油(you)、石化(hua)和(he)天然氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)風(feng)冷(leng)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)》等。
1. 空氣冷卻器的結構
空氣冷(leng)卻器(qi)主(zhu)要由管束、通風機、構架(jia)及百葉窗等組(zu)成，如圖7.12所示。
空(kong)氣(qi)冷卻器管束包括傳(chuan)熱(re)管、管箱、側梁和橫梁等(deng)。它可按臥式(shi)(shi)、立(li)式(shi)(shi)和斜(xie)頂式(shi)(shi)（人字式(shi)(shi)）3種基本形(xing)式(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)，見(jian)圖7.13。其中，臥式(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)傳(chuan)熱(re)面積大，空(kong)氣(qi)分(fen)布均勻，傳(chuan)熱(re)效(xiao)果好(hao)；斜(xie)頂式(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)時，通風機安裝在人字中央空(kong)間，占地面積小，結構緊湊(cou)。為抵消空(kong)氣(qi)側的給熱(re)系數較低的影響(xiang)，通常采用光管外壁裝翅片的管子(zi)。
2. 空冷器的分(fen)類
①. 按空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)管束布置形式(shi)(shi)(shi)分類：水平式(shi)(shi)(shi)全冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；斜頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；立式(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；圓環式(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
②. 按空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)通風(feng)方式分類(lei)：自然(ran)通風(feng)式全冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；鼓風(feng)式空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)；引風(feng)式空冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
③. 按空(kong)冷(leng)器冷(leng)卻方式分類：干式全冷(leng)器：濕(shi)式空(kong)冷(leng)器；干濕(shi)聯合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)器；兩側噴(pen)淋聯合(he)空(kong)冷(leng)器。
④. 按空冷器風量控制(zhi)方式分類(lei)：百葉窗(chuang)調(diao)節式全冷器；可變角(jiao)調(diao)節式空冷器；電動(dong)機調(diao)速式空冷器。
圖(tu)(tu)7.14所示為不同類型空冷器(qi)示意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)。
3. 空冷器(qi)的優點與(yu)缺點
