輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一般每架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機裝(zhuang)有一對(dui)或多對(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥，每列(lie)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機組由兩(liang)架以(yi)上的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機組線。在(zai)輥式(shi)冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)程中只有彎曲(qu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形。除坯(pi)料(liao)彎曲(qu)角局部有輕微減薄外(wai)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)形材料(liao)的(de)厚度(du)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)程中保(bao)持(chi)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)。這種加工(gong)方法特(te)別適合于外(wai)形縱(zong)長、批量較大的(de)高精度(du)產品的(de)加工(gong)，此外(wai)，在(zai)輥式(shi)冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)過(guo)程中，可以(yi)很容易地將沖裁、打孔(kong)、壓印、縱(zong)彎等(deng)輔助(zhu)加工(gong)引入進來。

  輥式冷(leng)彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝可分為(wei)四(si)種，即單(dan)(dan)張（或(huo)單(dan)(dan)件）成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝、成(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝、連續成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝和聯合加工(gong)工(gong)藝。每一種工(gong)藝都可分為(wei)3個階(jie)段，即成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)前坯料準(zhun)備階(jie)段、成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)加工(gong)階(jie)段、型(xing)(xing)(xing)材精整階(jie)段。

  單(dan)張(zhang)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)就是預定尺坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方法。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方法在坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之前將坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)切成(cheng)定尺長度(du)，然后用(yong)送料(liao)(liao)輥(gun)(gun)將坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)送進成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)，成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材不(bu)必經剪切即可收集(ji)入庫。采(cai)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)速度(du)一般在15~75m/min.這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)主要應(ying)用(yong)于小批量、成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材鋸切比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)困難(nan)的(de)情況下。采(cai)用(yong)單(dan)張(zhang)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)組的(de)設備(bei)較(jiao)(jiao)簡單(dan)、工(gong)具費用(yong)少、投資低。但用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)生產工(gong)藝(yi)得到的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材邊部縱向拉(la)伸較(jiao)(jiao)大，因而只有(you)利(li)用(yong)側立(li)輥(gun)(gun)才(cai)能得到比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)精確的(de)產品形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和連(lian)續(xu)(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)本相(xiang)同，所不同的(de)是(shi)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時前一(yi)卷帶(dai)(dai)材的(de)尾部(bu)與(yu)后一(yi)卷帶(dai)(dai)材的(de)頭部(bu)經過(guo)齊對焊(han)，使坯料(liao)帶(dai)(dai)材連(lian)續(xu)(xu)不斷地進人成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機進行成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)卷成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時帶(dai)(dai)卷頭尾不對焊(han)，進行單(dan)卷供料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。與(yu)單(dan)張(zhang)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)相(xiang)比，這兩(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)更加(jia)高(gao)效、高(gao)產(chan)、通(tong)用。這兩(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)主要優點是(shi)：

①. 帶(dai)卷成(cheng)本低(di)、切損少(shao)，因而降低(di)了材料(liao)總成(cheng)本。

②. 由于需要的成型機架數少(shao)且不需要額(e)外的導衛裝(zhuang)置，因而工(gong)具(ju)成本低。

③. 可以(yi)加工形狀比單張成型(xing)工藝更復(fu)雜的型(xing)材。

④. 型(xing)材的頭尾部(bu)扭(niu)曲及(ji)張開度減小。

⑤. 由于操作幾乎(hu)是連續的，因而生產率得(de)到提高(gao)。

  但這兩(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)需要開卷機(ji)、活套(tao)器、對焊機(ji)、定尺飛(fei)鋸或(huo)飛(fei)剪等輔助設備(bei)，因而(er)其機(ji)組設備(bei)投資較大、占(zhan)地(di)較大。成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組的成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)速度(du)一般為30~90m/min.目前投產的絕大多(duo)數輥式冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)機(ji)組均是采用這兩(liang)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，因此后面(mian)將以這兩(liang)種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為例進(jin)行重點闡述，圖5-1給(gei)出了其工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程示意圖。

  聯合(he)加工(gong)工(gong)藝用于加工(gong)具有特定要(yao)求(qiu)的冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼，如(ru)高強(qiang)度冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼、閉(bi)口焊接冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼、熱處(chu)理強(qiang)化冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼、周期(qi)波紋板(ban)沖(chong)孔冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼，涂層冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)型(xing)(xing)鋼等。聯合(he)加工(gong)成型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的設(she)(she)備(bei)最復雜、投(tou)資最高。根據產(chan)品的要(yao)求(qiu)這種機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)可包括(kuo)如(ru)下設(she)(she)備(bei)：直縫焊機(ji)(ji)(ji)、對焊機(ji)(ji)(ji)、輥式(shi)沖(chong)孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)、輥式(shi)壓印機(ji)(ji)(ji)、涂層機(ji)(ji)(ji)、熱處(chu)理設(she)(she)備(bei)等。

 輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是用(yong)一組成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)將帶材(cai)(cai)(cai)逐(zhu)漸壓(ya)彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)斷面型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)，現以冷彎(wan)角(jiao)鋼為例(li)，圖5-2是由(you)4個機架(jia)(jia)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機組，第一機架(jia)(jia)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)帶材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)平整和送進工作(zuo)，第二(er)～第四機架(jia)(jia)各承(cheng)擔一定的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)任(ren)務，使帶材(cai)(cai)(cai)通過后被彎(wan)曲壓(ya)制成(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)。每一對成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)所分擔的(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)曲變形量(liang)，決定了該機架(jia)(jia)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基本尺(chi)寸(cun)。不過至今的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設計(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要還是依靠經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累，尚缺乏理論解析方法。