連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。

  連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu)，早在(zai)19世(shi)紀末就曾嘗試(shi)在(zai)長芯(xin)棒上(shang)進行軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，但(dan)由于種(zhong)種(zhong)原因(yin)，至(zhi)1950年(nian)(nian)世(shi)界上(shang)也(ye)僅有6臺連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)。1960年(nian)(nian)后，隨著(zhu)科學技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)進步和生產(chan)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，特別(bie)是電子計(ji)算機(ji)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)飛速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)和應用，使連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)在(zai)生產(chan)工(gong)藝和設備(bei)上(shang)日趨完善，得到了迅(xun)速(su)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和推(tui)廣(guang)。在(zai)浮動芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)基礎上(shang)，限(xian)動芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)于20世(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)期進行了工(gong)藝試(shi)驗，獲得了可喜的(de)成果。1978年(nian)(nian)世(shi)界上(shang)第(di)一(yi)套限(xian)動芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)（MPM)在(zai)意(yi)大利(li)達爾(er)明鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)廠建(jian)成投產(chan)，連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝發(fa)展(zhan)到了一(yi)個新(xin)的(de)水準。20世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)代末又推(tui)出了三輥連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)（PQF)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)，使連(lian)續(xu)(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝裝備(bei)躍上(shang)了更(geng)高的(de)臺階。

  連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機在PQF出現以前，都是兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)，即(ji)由兩(liang)個軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組組成(cheng)孔型(xing)，二輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)機架既(ji)有與(yu)地面呈45°交錯布(bu)置的(de)，也(ye)有與(yu)地面垂直、水平交錯布(bu)置的(de)。PQF為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)，即(ji)由三(san)(san)(san)個軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一(yi)組組成(cheng)孔型(xing)，如圖4-2所示。連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)時，孔型(xing)頂部(bu)的(de)金(jin)屬由于(yu)受到軋(ya)輥(gun)(gun)外(wai)壓(ya)力和(he)芯(xin)棒內壓(ya)力作用而產(chan)生軸向(xiang)延伸，并(bing)向(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)寬展，而孔型(xing)側壁(bi)部(bu)分(fen)的(de)金(jin)屬與(yu)芯(xin)棒不接觸，但(dan)它被(bei)頂部(bu)軸向(xiang)延伸的(de)金(jin)屬對它附加(jia)的(de)拉應(ying)力作用而產(chan)生軸向(xiang)延伸，并(bing)同(tong)時產(chan)生軸向(xiang)拉縮。不論兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)還是三(san)(san)(san)輥(gun)(gun)式的(de)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機，按芯(xin)棒的(de)運行(xing)方式可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機、半(ban)浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機和(he)限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機三(san)(san)(san)種形式。

  為了完成(cheng)將連續(xu)軋(ya)管機(ji)軋(ya)出的荒管與芯(xin)棒脫開分離的工藝目的，便于荒管在后道工序進一(yi)步加工成(cheng)品(pin)不(bu)銹鋼管，一(yi)般(ban)采用以下(xia)兩種方法。

1. 脫棒機

  軋(ya)(ya)制結束后荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一起(qi)移出(chu)軋(ya)(ya)制線，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)受軸向約束不動，用(yong)(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置將(jiang)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)。我們將(jiang)這種(zhong)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不動，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動的(de)(de)(de)設備稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機。當帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置后，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈上的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊(jin)(jin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置就鉤住(zhu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)尾柄(bing)，而液(ye)壓開閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)卡(ka)(ka)板(ban)擋住(zhu)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈從荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈轉(zhuan)過半圈(quan)完成一次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動作，鏈所走(zou)過的(de)(de)(de)距離約為芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)(de)(de)1.1倍(bei)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機的(de)(de)(de)最大速度大于4.5m/s,到(dao)達終位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)誤差為±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)輥道送(song)到(dao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定(ding)位(wei)升降擋板(ban)前，然后由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)人芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻槽，循環(huan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置與連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機平行。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機有(you)兩(liang)(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈，這兩(liang)(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈用(yong)(yong)(yong)橫(heng)梁(liang)連接起(qi)來(lai)，兩(liang)(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈間共有(you)兩(liang)(liang)個脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)及(ji)多(duo)個承(cheng)載橫(heng)梁(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)從荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承(cheng)載橫(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)在(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)支(zhi)撐(cheng)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁(liang)上用(yong)(yong)(yong)螺栓緊(jin)(jin)固與軋(ya)(ya)件尺(chi)寸(cun)相關的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊(jin)(jin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置，當更(geng)換軋(ya)(ya)制芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需(xu)要(yao)更(geng)換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡(ka)(ka)緊(jin)(jin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置。

2. 脫管機

  軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結束(shu)后，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)停止運(yun)動，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)線被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置將其從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出，我(wo)們將這種芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)動，荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)輥式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有(you)(you)三輥式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出，完成(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流程，提高(gao)了終軋(ya)(ya)(ya)溫(wen)度；（2)起定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)，也就是(shi)說在(zai)(zai)每(mei)一支鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也有(you)(you)延伸和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)早(zao)期設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組中(zhong)(zhong)就嘗試過不(bu)單獨設(she)置脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如(ru)1985年建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日本(ben)(ben)NKK京濱廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組和(he)1990年建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯伏(fu)爾加鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組），而是(shi)將MPM軋(ya)(ya)(ya)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接(jie)送人(ren)緊隨其后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二輥式(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)（1997年日本(ben)(ben)住友和(he)歌山(shan)ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組則(ze)是(shi)送入其后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三輥式(shi)(shi)（FQS)),使脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)內完成(cheng)；荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上(shang)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出并完成(cheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)任務，實現MPM與定(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連軋(ya)(ya)(ya)。但由于荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和(he)材質種類較多(duo)，給成(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)帶(dai)來困難，很難保證鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)(jing)精度，因此在(zai)(zai)以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組中(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)(you)再使用(yong)這種工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)布(bu)置。為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)厚壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型(xing)名義直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)必須小于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)。在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)量要(yao)相應加大(da)(da)，否則(ze)薄壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)易(yi)被(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出。每(mei)架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)都裝有(you)(you)安全白，以防止芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)損傷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥及(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部(bu)分。在(zai)(zai)事故情況下，假(jia)如(ru)當帶(dai)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)型(xing)時(shi)(shi)，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥承受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)向載荷大(da)(da)于預(yu)設(she)值，則(ze)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥孔(kong)型(xing)會(hui)相應張(zhang)開(kai)，防止芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)頂壞軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥及(ji)設(she)備(bei)。

3. 空減機的配置

  空減機(ji)是空心坯減徑機(ji)的簡(jian)稱，一套連續軋(ya)管機(ji)為使(shi)其產品外(wai)徑規(gui)格范(fan)圍盡可(ke)能地大(da)，設計時一般(ban)選用(yong)2~5個孔(kong)型(xing)，軋(ya)管機(ji)后(hou)(hou)配備張(zhang)減機(ji)的選擇孔(kong)型(xing)數(shu)較(jiao)少，軋(ya)管機(ji)后(hou)(hou)配備定徑機(ji)的選擇孔(kong)型(xing)數(shu)較(jiao)多。由于孔(kong)型(xing)尺寸(cun)的變化(hua)相應(ying)地軋(ya)管機(ji)入口的毛管外(wai)徑也(ye)要隨著發生變化(hua)，為適應(ying)軋(ya)管機(ji)入口毛管外(wai)徑變化(hua)，通常有(you)兩種方法：

  a. 選(xuan)用(yong)幾種外徑的(de)(de)管(guan)坯，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同的(de)(de)孔(kong)型選(xuan)用(yong)不(bu)同規格的(de)(de)管(guan)坯，但每次(ci)更換孔(kong)型時(shi)需(xu)對(dui)(dui)穿孔(kong)機(ji)的(de)(de)受料槽、導(dao)衛裝置（導(dao)板或導(dao)盤）進行(xing)更換，這樣做一方面(mian)占(zhan)用(yong)較(jiao)多工作時(shi)間；另一方面(mian)管(guan)坯料場(chang)、穿孔(kong)機(ji)工具(ju)需(xu)要場(chang)地較(jiao)大(da)；

  b. 在(zai)穿孔(kong)機與軋管(guan)機之間布(bu)置一(yi)臺空(kong)減(jian)機，通過空(kong)減(jian)機可(ke)使用同(tong)一(yi)種外徑尺(chi)寸的管(guan)坯來滿足軋管(guan)機不同(tong)孔(kong)型成為可(ke)能(neng)。

  浮動(dong)芯棒連續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)采用(yong)(yong)穿孔(kong)機(ji)與軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)布置(zhi)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法比較經濟，這樣既可僅用(yong)(yong)一個(ge)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)坯組(zu)織(zhi)生(sheng)產，減(jian)(jian)少了(le)管(guan)(guan)坯庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)面積(ji)和穿孔(kong)機(ji)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軋制(zhi)工具數(shu)量，又(you)可以減(jian)(jian)少換(huan)孔(kong)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，提高了(le)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作業率。經空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)在(zai)運往連續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)入(ru)口臺架(jia)前，先通過一個(ge)吹(chui)灰裝置(zhi)用(yong)(yong)壓縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)吹(chui)去(qu)毛管(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以減(jian)(jian)少對芯棒的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損和管(guan)(guan)子(zi)內表面缺陷，同時空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)亦(yi)消除了(le)狄塞爾穿孔(kong)機(ji)所(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)頭尾(wei)外徑差，使軋制(zhi)過程穩定。這種(zhong)單獨布置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)一般使用(yong)(yong)三輥式及3~6個(ge)機(ji)架(jia)。

  半浮動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續軋管(guan)機組將空減(jian)機布置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)連(lian)續軋管(guan)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)人口側，即(ji)與連(lian)續軋管(guan)機串列布置(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)兩輥式、2~4架；在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)持了原有空減(jian)機優點的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，可縮短工藝流(liu)程，減(jian)少占地(di)面積(ji)。這(zhe)種變化一(yi)方(fang)面是因為(wei)(wei)錐形輥穿孔機的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)使變形前移，軋管(guan)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)機架數相應(ying)減(jian)少（減(jian)少2~3架），串列布置(zhi)(zhi)因芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度增加(jia)而引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軋制節奏變化不是很多(duo)（因軋制終了芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)向前運(yun)動）；另一(yi)方(fang)面串列布置(zhi)(zhi)可減(jian)少毛管(guan)在(zai)(zai)縱(zong)向移動過程中內表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化和溫降，能更有效(xiao)地(di)確保(bao)(bao)鋼(gang)管(guan)質量。

  限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)(zai)最初時沒有(you)空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，采用(yong)的(de)(de)是一(yi)種規格的(de)(de)管(guan)坯(pi)對(dui)應一(yi)個孔型(xing)，這(zhe)主要是因為(wei)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)件內表面(mian)的(de)(de)相對(dui)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)比浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)大(da)，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)工作條件更(geng)為(wei)惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)更(geng)容(rong)易磨(mo)損和(he)劃傷。限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)工藝上不允許毛(mao)管(guan)在(zai)(zai)進入軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)前(qian)做縱(zong)向運動(dong)(dong)(dong)，必須(xu)有(you)效的(de)(de)防止毛(mao)管(guan)內表面(mian)的(de)(de)二次氧化，才能(neng)確(que)保鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)質量(liang)，因此(ci)不可能(neng)像浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)那樣在(zai)(zai)穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間布置空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。如采用(yong)半浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)串列布置，因芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)長(chang)度的(de)(de)增加使軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)節奏(zou)更(geng)加緩慢（因軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終了芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)向后運動(dong)(dong)(dong)），將影響機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)產能(neng)的(de)(de)發揮，也(ye)是不經(jing)濟的(de)(de)。近十年來，限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)不斷吸(xi)收(shou)其他(ta)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)長(chang)處，在(zai)(zai)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)入口側串列布置1架空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（三輥(gun)、四輥(gun)形式均有(you)），目的(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于消(xiao)除(chu)毛(mao)管(guan)內表面(mian)與(yu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)之間的(de)(de)間隙(xi)和(he)毛(mao)管(guan)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)的(de)(de)頭尾直徑(jing)偏差(cha)，使軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)更(geng)加平穩，從而提高軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，確(que)保鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)幾何尺寸精度和(he)內外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)質量(liang)。

4. 吹硼砂的(de)工藝

  限動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋管機(ji)組比浮(fu)動、半(ban)浮(fu)動機(ji)組多了(le)一(yi)個工序就是(shi)(shi)在軋管機(ji)入口前向毛管內用(yong)氮(dan)氣噴(pen)抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑，工藝目的(de)是(shi)(shi)去除(chu)內表面的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵皮并防止二次氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑在高溫時呈熔融狀(zhuang)態可起到很好的(de)潤滑(hua)作(zuo)用(yong)，對抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑的(de)成分、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)(hua)(hua)學穩定性、物理穩定性及(ji)吹撒的(de)數量、噴(pen)吹的(de)壓力(li)、時間(jian)(jian)都(dou)有嚴格(ge)的(de)要(yao)求，主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)解決軋管機(ji)的(de)延伸(shen)大、軋制(zhi)時芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)與軋件(jian)間(jian)(jian)相對運(yun)動較大、芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)工作(zuo)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)更(geng)為(wei)惡劣，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)更(geng)容(rong)易磨損和劃(hua)傷、潤滑(hua)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)好時容(rong)易發生軋卡事(shi)故(gu)或軋制(zhi)終了(le)時脫管機(ji)不(bu)能將荒管從芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)順(shun)利的(de)抽(chou)出等(deng)問題。