靜(jing)電是(shi)指工業靜(jing)電，即在生產、儲運過程(cheng)中在物料、裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、人體(ti)、器(qi)材和構筑物上產生和積累起來的靜(jing)電。

  兩種不同性質的(de)物(wu)(wu)體相互摩(mo)擦，緊密接觸或迅速剝離都會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，另一個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。如果該物(wu)(wu)體與大地絕緣(yuan)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)無(wu)法泄漏，停留在(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)體的(de)內(nei)部(bu)或表面而(er)呈相對靜(jing)止狀(zhuang)態，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)就稱靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃(ran)化工物(wu)(wu)料、油品等在(zai)(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝過程(cheng)中，物(wu)(wu)料分子之間和其他物(wu)(wu)質之間的(de)摩(mo)擦，會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著摩(mo)擦的(de)加劇(ju)而(er)增大，如不及時(shi)導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增高到一定(ding)程(cheng)度時(shi)，就會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)兩帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體之間閃(shan)火（即靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而(er)引起油品爆炸著火。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高越容易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電壓的(de)(de)高(gao)低或靜(jing)電電荷量(liang)大小主(zhu)要與下(xia)列因素(su)有關：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)介質流速越(yue)快，摩(mo)擦(ca)越(yue)劇烈，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電電壓越(yue)高(gao)；空氣(qi)越(yue)干燥，靜(jing)電越(yue)不容易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)從空氣(qi)中消(xiao)除，電壓越(yue)容易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升高(gao)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)壁越(yue)粗(cu)糙，油品流經的(de)(de)彎頭(tou)閥門(men)越(yue)多，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電電壓越(yue)高(gao)；油品含(han)水(shui)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)不含(han)水(shui)分產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)電壓高(gao)幾倍到幾十(shi)倍；非金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如(ru)橡膠、塑料等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)比(bi)(bi)金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)更容易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾(lv)網其柵網越(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電電壓越(yue)高(gao)。綢氈過(guo)濾(lv)網產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)靜(jing)電電壓更高(gao)；空氣(qi)的(de)(de)溫度較高(gao)（22～40℃），空氣(qi)的(de)(de)相對(dui)濕度在(zai)13％～24％時(shi)，極易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電；在(zai)相同條件下(xia)，輕(qing)質燃料油比(bi)(bi)潤滑油易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)電。

  靜(jing)電的(de)危害有(you)三(san)(san)種：一是(shi)(shi)可能引起(qi)(qi)爆炸(zha)和火災，靜(jing)電的(de)能量雖然(ran)不大，但(dan)因其電壓很(hen)高(gao)且易放(fang)電出現(xian)靜(jing)電火花；二(er)是(shi)(shi)可能產生電擊，靜(jing)電產生的(de)電擊雖然(ran)不會(hui)致人死亡，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)往往會(hui)導(dao)致二(er)次(ci)事(shi)故，因此也要加以防范；三(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)可能影響生產，在生產中，靜(jing)電有(you)可能會(hui)影響儀(yi)器設備的(de)正常運行(xing)或(huo)降低產品(pin)的(de)質量。此外(wai)，靜(jing)電還(huan)會(hui)引起(qi)(qi)電子自動元件(jian)的(de)誤操作(zuo)。