從地球環境保護的觀點來看,不銹鋼加工帶來的環境影響就是使用表面保護薄膜的技術措施。考慮不銹鋼的設計構思新穎性,為保證它的表面美觀,在貼附表面保護薄膜狀態下進行沖壓加工,在一段時間內成為主流。初期,生產不銹鋼的廠家都裝設有將聚氯乙烯薄膜貼附固定在不銹鋼板表面的設備。后來采用涂膠貼附表面保護薄膜的方法得到普及。表面保護薄膜不僅用于表面保護而且亦用于拉深加工,成為沖壓加工必備的一個條件。加工后的不銹鋼產品,為了保持其表面新穎性,大多數采用涂膠貼附表面保護薄膜,加膜的價格臨時確定。


 因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)些表(biao)面(mian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)是聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)系列(lie)化學(xue)物質,焚燒時會發生(sheng)(sheng) dioxin 問題(dioxin-類(lei)似在(zai)越南戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),美國軍(jun)隊使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)“枯葉劑”的(de)(de)(de)一種化學(xue)物質,毒(du)性強,是造成生(sheng)(sheng)畸形嬰兒的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)之(zhi)一)。在(zai)歐洲(zhou)不允許(xu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)表(biao)面(mian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)。在(zai)日本雖(sui)然對地(di)球環境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)意(yi)識逐步(bu)提高(gao),但(dan)不準(zhun)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)禁令仍(reng)沒(mei)下達。但(dan)是,考(kao)慮到燃燒產生(sheng)(sheng)毒(du)氣的(de)(de)(de)問題,一部(bu)分改用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)聚乙烯(xi)(xi)系列(lie)表(biao)面(mian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)。雖(sui)然開始研(yan)討(tao)不使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)面(mian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)整(zheng)個沖壓拉深加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作技術解決,但(dan)在(zai)沖裁(落料)或拉深加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),必須使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)油(you)。不銹鋼加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如果(guo)不使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)面(mian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)(mo)就要使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)油(you),這(zhe)是一般(ban)通常的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法,后者又必須將(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)油(you)洗(xi)凈。


 為保(bao)護地球環(huan)境(jing),其中(zhong)制定(ding)了對破(po)壞(huai)臭氧層的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護規則(ze)(一般(ban)經常談論(lun)話語(yu)中(zhong),提到(dao)作為空調(diao)器以及電(dian)冰箱的(de)(de)(de)制冷(leng)劑(ji)-氟里昂(ang),排放(fang)到(dao)大氣中(zhong)會破(po)壞(huai)臭氧層);還(huan)(huan)對三(san)氯(lv)乙烯、三(san)氯(lv)乙烷(wan)等都有(you)限制的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)。沖(chong)壓(ya)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠沖(chong)壓(ya)件清洗(xi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)油的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序,正是使用三(san)氯(lv)乙烯或三(san)氯(lv)乙烷(wan)等破(po)壞(huai)了臭氧層又觸犯(fan)了規定(ding)。目前還(huan)(huan)尚未找到(dao)能(neng)夠代替它又具備優越的(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)滌劑(ji)。所以廢除它還(huan)(huan)需要一段時間。目前雖(sui)然有(you)堿性(xing)洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing),碳(tan)化氫(qing)洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing)等良好的(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing)方(fang)式,但在設(she)備投(tou)資方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因而難于推廣。


 現(xian)在制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)了與保(bao)護(hu)地球(qiu)環(huan)境有直接關系企(qi)業的ISO14000系統(tong)認(ren)證制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。為了提高企(qi)業形象(xiang),取得ISO14000系統(tong)認(ren)證的企(qi)業在逐步增加(特別(bie)是(shi)機電(dian)制(zhi)(zhi)造工廠因為直接銷售(shou)給用(yong)戶,要積極地強化保(bao)護(hu)地球(qiu)環(huan)境)。因為沖壓加工廠多(duo)是(shi)特色作業,它也要取得認(ren)證和遵守規(gui)范。


對(dui)于表面加(jia)工(gong)(gong)困難而設計構(gou)思新(xin)穎性尤為(wei)(wei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)不銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)來講(jiang),采用(yong)表面保護薄膜又(you)存(cun)在dioxin問題(ti),沖(chong)壓(ya)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)使用(yong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)油又(you)需用(yong)洗(xi)凈液(ye)清洗(xi),以至涉及到(dao)破(po)壞大(da)氣(qi)臭氧層的(de)(de)問題(ti)等等。多(duo)方顧及仍是一種(zhong)(zhong)困難的(de)(de)局面。所(suo)幸從1995年前后(hou),不銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)生產廠家開發了潤(run)滑不銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板和(he)含有(you)石蠟的(de)(de)透明噴涂不銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板,并已上市(shi)銷售。它(ta)與普(pu)通鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)沖(chong)壓(ya)技術相近,不使用(yong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)油就能進行拉深加(jia)工(gong)(gong),還因為(wei)(wei)省去(qu)清洗(xi)工(gong)(gong)序,沖(chong)壓(ya)出的(de)(de)零件(jian)可直接使用(yong)(其(qi)中的(de)(de)一部(bu)分要(yao)使用(yong)堿溶液(ye)洗(xi)凈去(qu)掉(diao)薄膜),對(dui)不銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)而言這是一種(zhong)(zhong)技術革新(xin)。這種(zhong)(zhong)不銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板材(cai)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)汽(qi)車制(zhi)造、機(ji)電制(zhi)造和(he)燃氣(qi)設備制(zhi)造領(ling)域,已成大(da)勢(shi)。


 另外,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)油(you)的(de)開發(fa)也有(you)進(jin)展。在(zai)沖(chong)壓加(jia)(jia)工(gong)章節中(zhong)已(yi)有(you)所記述。揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)油(you)(亦稱無(wu)需洗凈的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)油(you))已(yi)在(zai)機(ji)電制造行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)得到廣泛應用(yong)。它在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程中(zhong)發(fa)揮(hui)潤滑功能,隨后大約(yue)放置1~2小時,它就自行(xing)揮(hui)發(fa)完(wan)全消失。若利用(yong)鼓風機(ji)等強制送進(jin)暖風時,它可用(yong)于流(liu)水生(sheng)產線上。揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)油(you)的(de)使(shi)用(yong),雖然在(zai)深度(du)拉深方(fang)面仍有(you)困(kun)難,但是,它已(yi)在(zai)不銹鋼的(de)沖(chong)孔、彎曲(qu)以及(ji)(ji)淺拉深方(fang)面逐漸地普及(ji)(ji)開來(lai)。